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Over the years a number of training techniques and procedures have been developed that are not part of the mainstream but are believed by some to have utility for organisations trying to enhance human performance. This article discusses four of these alternative techniques - subliminal self-help, mental imagery and practice, meditation, and Neurolinguistic Programming (NLP) - and examines the contributions of each from a scientific perspective. With the exception of mental practice, there is a paucity of data to demonstrate convincingly whether these alternative techniques promote or enhance individual or organisational effectiveness. It is concluded that effective professional practice depends on scientifically derived research results.

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